Programming languages, and Standards and technologies in relation to an application

Use a technology until you know what you want to do with a similar representation using a standard. Your internal use cases are the best guideline for determining usage. Programming languages typically have a specification (which is a standard) and an implementation (which is a technology). From an IT management perspective, the more common question is: Which implementations of programming languages are actually in use in my production environments? Therefore we recommend that you start with the more tangible implementation, which is the technology.

A better example of a standard would be ISO 27001, which is something that does not have a tangible implementation that can be easily identified.